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Practical · Language

Turkish verb conjugator

Type any Turkish verb, either the dictionary form (gelmek) or just the stem (gel), and see it in six tenses, positive and negative, for every person. The rules run on this page; nothing is looked up in a list, so even rare verbs work.

bilmek — to know

Stem: bil. Turkish usually drops the pronoun (ben, sen…), because the ending already says who.

Present continuous

What is happening now, and plans: gidiyorum = I am going / I'm going (tomorrow).

PositiveNegative
ben (I)biliyorumbilmiyorum
sen (you)biliyorsunbilmiyorsun
o (he / she / it)biliyorbilmiyor
biz (we)biliyoruzbilmiyoruz
siz (you (plural, polite))biliyorsunuzbilmiyorsunuz
onlar (they)biliyorlarbilmiyorlar

Past

Something that happened and you saw or know: gittim = I went.

PositiveNegative
ben (I)bildimbilmedim
sen (you)bildinbilmedin
o (he / she / it)bildibilmedi
biz (we)bildikbilmedik
siz (you (plural, polite))bildinizbilmediniz
onlar (they)bildilerbilmediler

Future

What will happen: gideceğim = I will go.

PositiveNegative
ben (I)bileceğimbilmeyeceğim
sen (you)bileceksinbilmeyeceksin
o (he / she / it)bilecekbilmeyecek
biz (we)bileceğizbilmeyeceğiz
siz (you (plural, polite))bileceksinizbilmeyeceksiniz
onlar (they)bileceklerbilmeyecekler

Aorist (habits, offers)

Habits, general truths and polite offers: giderim = I (usually) go; Çay içer misiniz? = Would you like some tea?

PositiveNegative
ben (I)bilirimbilmem
sen (you)bilirsinbilmezsin
o (he / she / it)bilirbilmez
biz (we)bilirizbilmeyiz
siz (you (plural, polite))bilirsinizbilmezsiniz
onlar (they)bilirlerbilmezler

Reported past

Something you heard about or only now realise: gitmiş = he went, apparently.

PositiveNegative
ben (I)bilmişimbilmemişim
sen (you)bilmişsinbilmemişsin
o (he / she / it)bilmişbilmemiş
biz (we)bilmişizbilmemişiz
siz (you (plural, polite))bilmişsinizbilmemişsiniz
onlar (they)bilmişlerbilmemişler

Necessity

What has to happen: gitmeliyim = I must go.

PositiveNegative
ben (I)bilmeliyimbilmemeliyim
sen (you)bilmelisinbilmemelisin
o (he / she / it)bilmelibilmemeli
biz (we)bilmeliyizbilmemeliyiz
siz (you (plural, polite))bilmelisinizbilmemelisiniz
onlar (they)bilmelilerbilmemeliler

Imperative

Telling someone to do something. Use the siz form with strangers: it is the polite one.

PositiveNegative
sen (you, familiar)bilbilme
siz (you, polite)bilinbilmeyin
o (let him / her)bilsinbilmesin

How Turkish verbs work

A Turkish verb is a stem plus endings. Take the dictionary form, remove -mek or -mak, and you have the stem: gitmek → git, almak → al. Every tense is the stem plus a tense ending plus a person ending, always in that order: git + iyor + um = gidiyorum, I am going. To make it negative, put -me or -ma straight after the stem: git + me + di + m = gitmedim, I did not go.

Vowel harmony

Endings change their vowel to match the last vowel of the word. Some endings have two shapes (e after e, i, ö, ü; a after a, ı, o, u): gelecek, yapacak. Others have four (i, ı, u, ü): geldim, yaptım, okudum, gördüm. The conjugator applies this to every form, which is why the same tense looks different from verb to verb.

When t becomes d

A few common verbs soften their final t to d before a vowel: gitmek → gidiyorum, etmek → ediyorum, tatmak → tadıyor. Most verbs ending in t keep it (bitiyor, öğretiyor). Verbs built with etmek, such as yardım etmek (to help) or kaybetmek (to lose), soften as well.

The aorist, and why it is everywhere

The aorist (geniş zaman) is the tense of habits and politeness. A waiter asks Çay içer misiniz? (Would you drink tea?), and a shop sign says Kredi kartı geçer (cards accepted). Most one-syllable verbs take -er or -ar (yapar, gider), but thirteen take -ir instead: almak, bilmek, bulmak, durmak, gelmek, görmek, kalmak, olmak, ölmek, sanmak, vermek, varmak and vurmak. Its negative is irregular too: gitmem, gitmezsin, gitmez.

Yemek and demek

The two short verbs yemek (to eat) and demek (to say) change their stem to yi- and di- in some forms: yiyorum (I am eating), yiyeceğim (I will eat), but yedim (I ate). You will hear both in every restaurant.

Phrases you can build with it

  • Kahve istiyorum. — I would like a coffee.
  • Anlamıyorum. — I don't understand.
  • Yarın Kapadokya'ya gideceğiz. — We will go to Cappadocia tomorrow.
  • Kartla ödeyebilir miyim? — Can I pay by card?
  • Burada bekleyin, lütfen. — Wait here, please.

What it does not do yet

The conjugator covers the forms a traveller meets most often. It does not yet build questions (gidiyor musun?), the "can" form (gidebilirim) or the conditional, and a handful of old verbs may soften differently in speech. If a form looks wrong, tell us with the link below and we will fix the rule.

Turkish for travellers: phrases and numbers

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